- 17
- of the 29 published jurisdictions offer a professional limited liability company.
- 12
- do not. A licensed practice there files something else, or the same documents as anyone else.
- 41%
- of the published set has no PLLC — which is why a national answer to this question is not an answer.
California has no PLLC at all
California does not have a PLLC, and the prohibition is explicit rather than incidental. Corporations Code § 17701.04(e) reads in full: "Nothing in this title shall be construed to permit a domestic or foreign limited liability company to render professional services, as defined in subdivision (a) of Section 13401 and in Section 13401.3, in this state." Section 17701.04(b) leaves one narrow door: an LLC "may render services that may be lawfully rendered only pursuant to a license, certificate, or registration authorized by the Business and Professions Code, the Chiropractic Act, the Osteopathic Act, or the Yacht and Ship Brokers Act, if the applicable provisions of" those acts "authorize a limited liability company or foreign limited liability company to hold that license, certificate, or registration." So the question in California is never "can I form a PLLC," it is whether the licensing act itself lets an LLC hold the licence. What licensed Californians use instead: a professional corporation, which the Secretary of State offers as its own filing, "Articles of Incorporation - Professional"; or, for five professions only, a registered limited liability partnership. The Secretary of State's own description of the LLP: "An LLP is a partnership that engages in the practice of public accountancy, the practice of law, the practice of architecture, the practice of engineering or the practice of land surveying, or provides services or facilities to a California registered LLP that practices public accountancy or law, or to a foreign LLP." The office also publishes Form CONV LLC-PC, Articles of Incorporation with Statement of Conversion, for an existing California LLC converting into a California professional corporation, which is the route out for a company that formed as an LLC and then needed to practise.
Read from the California Secretary of State, Business Programs Division, Business Entities, September 2026.
PLLC by jurisdiction
Every row is one filing jurisdiction: whether it offers a PLLC, what a licensed practice files where it does not, and the statute that creates the form. The statute column carries each office’s own citation, so where a jurisdiction gives its professional form a different name, that name is in the citation. Follow a jurisdiction for its name rule, its licensing-board step and how it decides which occupations must use a professional form.
| Jurisdiction | PLLC | Professional form it files | Statute |
|---|---|---|---|
| Alaska | No | A corporation under its professional statute | AS 10.45.010 through AS 10.45.510. Section 10.45.510: "This chapter may be cited as the Professional Corporation Act." |
| Arkansas | Yes | Professional LLC | Ark. Code Ann. § 4-38-1202, in the Uniform Limited Liability Company Act enacted by Act 1041 of 2021. There is no separate professional LLC chapter: a professional company is organized under the ordinary formation section, § 4-38-201, which the Secretary of State's Certificate of Organization cites on its face, and the professional provisions sit in Subchapter 12 of the same chapter (§§ 4-38-1201 and 4-38-1202). |
| California | No | A corporation under its professional statute | Corporations Code § 13400 et seq., the Moscone-Knox Professional Corporation Act. The Secretary of State's own form states it: "This corporation is a professional corporation within the meaning of California Corporations Code section 13400 et seq." |
| Colorado | No | No separate professional form | No professional-entity statute — see the record |
| Connecticut | Yes | Professional LLC | Conn. Gen. Stat. § 34-243h(c) to (e), within the Connecticut Uniform Limited Liability Company Act (ch. 613a, §§ 34-243 to 34-283d), read with the definition of "professional service" at § 34-243a(24) |
| Delaware | No | A corporation under its professional statute | 8 Del. C. ch. 6, §§ 601 to 619, cited by § 602 as "The Professional Service Corporation Act". Authority to organise is § 605; the General Corporation Law applies except where ch. 6 conflicts (§ 618). |
| Florida | Yes | Professional LLC | Fla. Stat. ch. 621, cited by § 621.02 as the "Professional Service Corporation and Limited Liability Company Act". Organisation is § 621.051 and the definition is § 621.03(3). A Florida PLLC is formed under ch. 605 and ch. 621 together: § 621.051 organises it "under the provisions of chapter 605", and § 621.13 makes ch. 605 applicable except where ch. 621 conflicts. |
| Hawaii | No | A corporation under its professional statute | HRS ch. 415A, the Professional Corporation Act (§ 415A-1). Definitions are at § 415A-2, purposes at § 415A-3, corporate name at § 415A-8, articles of incorporation at § 415A-14.6, and the Business Corporation Act (ch. 414) applies under § 415A-27. The Business Registration Division registers it on Form PC-1. |
| Illinois | Yes | Professional LLC | 805 ILCS 185/, the Professional Limited Liability Company Act |
| Indiana | No | A corporation under its professional statute | Indiana Code article 23-1.5, PROFESSIONAL CORPORATIONS, read with IC 23-0.5, the Uniform Business Organizations Administrative Provisions Act (2018), which supplies the filing, name and registered-agent rules. IC 23-1.5-2-1: IC 23-1 (the Indiana Business Corporation Law) applies to professional corporations formed under the article, with article 1.5 prevailing on conflict. |
| Iowa | Yes | Professional LLC | Iowa Code chapter 489, the Uniform Limited Liability Company Act, subchapter XI (Iowa Code §§ 489.1101 and following). Iowa Code § 489.1101(5): "'Professional limited liability company' means a limited liability company subject to this subchapter, except a foreign professional limited liability company." |
| Kansas | Yes | Professional LLC | K.S.A. 17-7668(c), within the Kansas revised limited liability company act: "A limited liability company organized and existing under the Kansas revised limited liability company act or otherwise qualified to do business in Kansas may have and exercise all powers that may be exercised by a Kansas professional association or professional corporation under the professional corporation law of Kansas, including employment of professionals to practice a profession, which shall be limited to the practice of one profession, except as provided in K.S.A. 17-2710." The Secretary of State publishes a distinct form for it, Articles of Organization for a domestic (Kansas) Professional Limited Liability Company, filed under K.S.A. 17-7673, with the board certificate required by K.S.A. 17-2709 attached. K.S.A. 17-7668(d) limits membership to a "qualified person", defined at subsection (e). |
| Kentucky | Yes | Professional LLC | KRS Chapter 275, the Kentucky limited liability company act. KRS 275.015(25): "'Professional limited liability company' means a limited liability company organized under this chapter or the laws of another state or foreign country for purposes that include, but are not limited to, the providing of one (1) or more professional services. Except as otherwise expressly provided in this chapter, all provisions of this chapter governing limited liability companies shall be applicable to professional limited liability companies." KRS 275.025(3): "The articles of organization of a professional limited liability company shall designate the professional services to be practiced through the professional limited liability company." The Secretary of State publishes form PLC, Articles of Organization – Professional Service, filed pursuant to KRS 14A and KRS 275. |
| Louisiana | No | A corporation under its professional statute | Louisiana has no single professional corporation act. Title 12 of the Revised Statutes carries a separate chapter for each licensed profession. Chapter 8, Professional Law Corporations, begins at R.S. 12:801; R.S. 12:802 reads "One or more qualified persons may form a corporation under Chapter 1 of this Title for the purpose of practicing law. Such corporations shall be subject to all of the provisions of Chapter 1 ... except to the extent that such provisions are inconsistent with the provisions of this Chapter." Chapter 9 is the Professional Medical Corporations Act (short title at R.S. 12:915). |
| Maine | Yes | Professional LLC | 31 M.R.S. § 1560 (Nature of professional limited liability company business), with the definition at 13 M.R.S. § 723(5): "'Professional limited liability company' means a limited liability company formed to perform a professional service." Section 1560 makes the company subject to the Maine Professional Service Corporation Act with listed exceptions. |
| Maryland | No | A corporation under its professional statute | Md. Code, Corporations and Associations, Title 5, Subtitle 1, the Maryland Professional Service Corporation Act. Formation is under § 5-112, which requires the articles of incorporation to contain a statement that the corporation is a professional corporation and that its purpose is to render the professional services specified. Section 5-102 limits a professional corporation to a single profession, with stated exceptions for related professions. |
| Massachusetts | Yes | Professional LLC | M.G.L. c. 156C § 6(c), which applies the definitions of "professional service" and "regulating board" from M.G.L. c. 156A § 2. The Corporations Division publishes a separate Professional LLC Certificate of Organization under c. 156C § 12, and 950 CMR 112.00, the Division's own regulation, restates the same requirements. |
| Minnesota | Yes | Professional LLC | Minn. Stat. ch. 319B, the Minnesota Professional Firms Act, §§ 319B.01 to 319B.12. Minnesota has no separate professional limited liability company act: the company is organized under Minn. Stat. ch. 322C like any other Minnesota limited liability company and then elects professional firm status. Under Minn. Stat. § 319B.03, subd. 2 the organizational document must state that the Minnesota firm elects to operate under those sections, acknowledge that it is subject to them, and specify from the list in § 319B.02, subd. 19 the category or categories of professional services the firm is authorized to provide. Section 319B.02 defines "firm" to include "a corporation, limited liability company, and limited liability partnership, wherever incorporated, organized, or registered." |
| New York | Yes | Professional LLC | Limited Liability Company Law Article 12 (§§ 1201–1216), 'professional service limited liability company'; formed by Articles of Organization under § 1203 |
| North Carolina | Yes | Professional LLC | N.C.G.S. § 57D-2-02 (professional limited liability companies), which applies Chapter 55B (Professional Corporation Act) to LLCs; formed on Articles of Organization (Professional Limited Liability Company), Form PLLC-02 |
| Oregon | No | A corporation under its professional statute | ORS chapter 58, the Oregon Professional Corporation Act (the citation and the link are the Corporation Division's own); the articles form points the filer to ORS 58.015(5)(m) when describing the professional service |
| Pennsylvania | Yes | Professional LLC | 15 Pa.C.S. §§ 8995-8998 and 19 Pa. Code Chapter 71, as the Department of State spells it. The certificate of organization itself is filed under 15 Pa.C.S. § 8821, and the annual registration obligation sits at 15 Pa.C.S. § 8998. |
| Puerto Rico | No | A corporation under its professional statute | Ley 164-2009, Ley General de Corporaciones, Capítulo XVIII (Corporaciones Profesionales), Artículos 18.01 to 18.18, codified at 14 L.P.R.A. §§ 3921 to 3938. The corporate name rule is Artículo 18.14 (14 L.P.R.A. § 3934). |
| Texas | Yes | Professional LLC | Texas Business Organizations Code, Title 7 (Professional Entities), ch. 304 (Provisions Relating to Professional Limited Liability Companies), read with ch. 301 (Provisions Relating to Professional Entities). The Secretary of State cites BOC § 301.003 for the definitions of "professional individual" (§ 301.003(5)) and "professional organization" (§ 301.003(7)), and BOC §§ 301.004 and 301.007 for who may own, govern and serve as an officer. BOC § 301.006 requires a license to provide a professional service. |
| Utah | Yes | Professional LLC | Utah Code Title 48, ch. 3a (Utah Revised Uniform Limited Liability Company Act), Part 11, Professional Services Companies, §§ 48-3a-1101 to 48-3a-1112. Renumbered and amended by ch. 92, Laws of Utah 2026 (2026 General Session), effective 1 October 2026, to Utah Code Title 16, ch. 20, Part 9, Professional Services Companies, §§ 16-20-901 to 16-20-912. |
| Virginia | Yes | Professional LLC | Va. Code Title 13.1, ch. 13, Virginia Professional Limited Liability Company Act, §§ 13.1-1100 to 13.1-1123. Definitions at § 13.1-1102, who may become a member at § 13.1-1103, and Chapter 12 (the Virginia Limited Liability Company Act, § 13.1-1000 et seq.) applied to professional LLCs by § 13.1-1122. |
| Washington DC | Yes | Professional LLC | D.C. Code § 29-101.02(38) defines a professional limited liability company as an LLC organised under Chapter 8 of Title 29 (the Limited Liability Company Act) solely for the purpose of rendering professional services through its members, managers, employees or agents. The name rule is § 29-103.02(f), and § 29-802.01(b)(1) requires the certificate of organization to state a name complying with §§ 29-103.01 and 29-103.02(f). |
| Wisconsin | No | A corporation under its professional statute | Wis. Stat. §§ 180.1901 to 180.1921 (Business Corporation Law, subchapter XIX, Service Corporations) |
| Wyoming | No | A corporation under its professional statute | Wyo. Stat. §§ 17-3-101 to 17-3-104 (Title 17, Chapter 3, Practice of Professions by Corporations) |
29 jurisdictions published, each read from the filing office named on its own page and stamped with the month we last checked it (latest: September 2026). The other 23 of the 52 jurisdictions we file in are still in research: nothing appears here until a second reader has confirmed the record against the office’s own pages and the statute text. Each jurisdiction name links to its full record.
What differs, jurisdiction to jurisdiction
Four things, and each record answers all four from the office that registers the entity:
A professional LLC in 17 of the 29; in the other 12, either a corporation under a separate professional statute or no professional filing of any kind. Each record cites the section that creates the form, or records that no such section exists.
The designator is set by each jurisdiction, not by convention: some spell the words out, some permit an abbreviation, some bar one. The record carries the rule in the office’s or the statute’s own words.
In some jurisdictions the board’s certificate is part of the formation filing and the office will not accept the articles without it. In others the board is not in the filing path at all. Each record says which, and names the form where there is one.
Some jurisdictions enumerate the occupations in the statute; others define a professional service by a general test resting on state licensure. The difference decides whether your occupation is in or out, and each record quotes the definition it is decided by.
Filing a professional practice?
Whichever form your jurisdiction uses — and whatever it calls the agent on the form — we file it and stay on the record. Tell us the jurisdiction and the profession, and we will tell you what it takes there.